ABSTRACT
Kola bark extract have been widely used in tradition medicine for thousand of year, it improves liver functions and provides protection against high fat fed metabolic rats. Present investigations were carried out on the hepatoprotective role of Kola bark extract meal treatment to high fat fed wistar rat. Healthy adult male wistar rats were divided into four groups Group I: rats were fed a standard Laboratory diet (groups match) (20g/rat/day), Group II: rats were fed a high-fat diet alone (3.6g/rat/day), Group III: rats were fed with combined mixture of 70% of high-fat diet with 30% Kola bark meal (9.8g/rat /day), Group/ V: rats were fed with high fat diet and was administered with Lipitor (Atovastatin) (10mg/rat/day) . The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment (two weeks) period. The high fat fed rat substantially elevated its serum and liver tissue AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin with decreased in total protein levels. Where as the levels of all parameters significantly restored towards normalization by the kola bark husk meal treatment. The results obtained suggest that the Kola bark meal have potent hepatoprotective action on high fat fed rats. A companion of the performance in both Kola bark meal and Lipitor treatment on high fat fed rat in respect of hepatoprotective role is clearly indicator that the Kola bark meal treatment was more and related to the result of Lipitor as well as to the normal level.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Dedication ----------------------------------------------------------------------------i
Acknowledge---------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Table of content------------------------------------------------------------------ iii
Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------- - iv
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------
2.0 Literature review ----------------------------------------------------------------
2.1 Origin of kola---------------------------------------------------------------------
2.1.2 Strategies for enhancing investment opportunities in kola production-
2.2 Lipid metabolism-----------------------------------------------------------
2.2.1 Lipid and lipoproteins –definition and classification------------------
2.2.2. Plasma lipoproteins-------------------------------------------------------
2.3.4 Cholesterol metabolism-----------------------------------------------------
2.3.0 Liver x receptor---------------------------------------------------------------
2.3.1 Liver x receptor as cholesterol sensors------------------------------------
2.3.2 Liver x receptor and bile acid synthesis, metabolism and excretion-
2.3.3 LXR and cholesterol Biosynthesis-----------------------------------------
2.3.4 LXR and cholesterol uptake ---------------------------------------------
2.3.5 LXR and intestinal cholesterol absorption ------------------------------
2.3.6 LXR as therapeutic targets ------------------------------------------------
3.0 Materials and methods ------------------------------------------------------
3.1 Identification of plant material ---------------------------------------------
3.2 Phytochemical analyses -----------------------------------------------------
3.3 Experimental animal models -----------------------------------------------
3.4 Collection of blood sample --------------------------------------------------
3.5 Lipid profile analysis ---------------------------------------------------------
4.0 Results ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.1 Discussions ---------------------------------------------------------------------
5.0 Conclusions --------------------------------------------------------------------
5.1 References --------------------------------------------------------------------
